When females and other under-represented students are academically proficient, they are more likely to persist in choosing nontraditional careers. Stereotype threat, low self-efficacy, and lack of training in visual/spatial skills may erect barriers to achievement. Academic proficiency and math self-efficacy are two of the most predictive factors in career choice and persistence.

Academic proficiency and self-efficacy in reading, composition, and mathematics skills are predictive factors in career choice and persistence. When students are academically proficient, they are more likely to persist in choosing nontraditional careers.

Stereotype threat and low self-efficacy can create barriers to achievement. Teaching students about self-efficacy and teaching them that ability can be enlarged and expanded is important. Then, allowing students opportunities to track their progress through periodic quizzes that are presented as measurements and evidence of the knowledge acquired during the semester provides reassurance to them. This helps students develop self-efficacy and creates opportunities for students to change their perception of their abilities. During test taking, it may be beneficial to provide role models, or have exam proctors present that the students can relate to, ultimately weakening stereotype threat.  Ultimately, breaking down  invisible barriers will help students achieve success!

Teaching students about self-efficacy and teaching them that ability can be enlarged and expanded is important. Then, allowing students opportunities to track their progress through periodic quizzes that are presented as measurements and evidence of the knowledge acquired during the semester provides reassurance to them. This helps students develop self-efficacy and creates opportunities for students to change their perception of their abilities. During test taking, it may be beneficial to provide role models, and have exam proctors present that the students can relate to. Also, allow students to take tests in single-gender groups to reduce stereotype threat.